collageA chemistry major learns about the elements that make up the world and the ways in which matter undergoes change. With a degree in chemistry, students can contribute to a range of work, from developing antibiotics to working on criminal investigations. Majoring in chemistry can lead to careers in medicine, research, the chemical industry and more.
What Is a Chemistry Major?
A chemistry major explores the complex ways the elements on the periodic table combine. Those elements can produce table salt, a combination of sodium and chloride, water, a combination of hydrogen and oxygen, and myriad other, more complicated compounds. In classroom- and laboratory-based coursework, students will become adept problem-solvers as they learn fundamental properties of matter. Chemistry students can contribute to research related to cancer therapy, chemistry education and nutrient cycling, for example. Whether they go on to a career in research, medicine, business or another field, chemistry majors will be well-equipped to use their understanding of a science that affects daily life.
Common Coursework Chemistry Majors Can Expect
Chemistry majors take a general course that covers key concepts such as periodic trends, chemical equilibrium and thermodynamics. In some programs, students can place out of their school’s introductory class with high scores on placement tests or Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate exams. Students will be exposed to both the organic and inorganic branches of the field, with the former related to compounds that contain carbon. Chemistry majors should plan to spend time working in the laboratory, where they will develop skills in data analysis, precise measurement, written communication and more.
Some schools have specific degree programs to prepare chemistry students for careers as secondary school teachers. Colleges and universities may also offer specialized degrees in joint curricula such as chemistry and physics or chemistry and biology. Majors interested in research can pursue theses and work with faculty members on projects.
How to Know if This Major Is the Right Fit for You
Chemistry majors should be prepared to face a challenging curriculum as they develop a deep understanding of the matter that makes up the world. Students who are ready to meet intellectual challenges and are excited to learn about atoms, molecules and ions should consider majoring in chemistry. Chemistry also can help students prepare for medical school. Beyond medicine, students considering careers in research, government and academia might be good candidates for chemistry programs.
What Can You Do With A Chemistry Degree?
Career opportunities within science and technology are seeing unprecedented growth across the world, and those who study chemistry or another natural science at university now have increasingly better career prospects.
Chemistry involves the study of all things chemical – chemical processes, chemical compositions and chemical manipulation – in order to better understand the way in which materials are structured, how they change and how they react in certain situations. Having gained chemical understanding at molecular level, chemistry graduates may choose to apply this knowledge in almost unlimited ways, as it can be used to analyze all matter and therefore our entire environment.
So, what can you do with a chemistry degree?
Those who study chemistry go on to do many exciting things in a whole range of industries. Notable chemistry graduates include former prime minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher; famous novelist, Kurt Vonnegut (who wrote Slaughterhouse-Five and Cat’s Cradle); NASA astronaut Story Musgrave and, Marie Curie, the pioneering scientist behind the theory of radioactivity. Basically, the possibilities for chemistry graduates are endless.
Read on to discover some common (and less common) career options for chemistry graduates…
Chemistry careers in research
Chemistry graduates have much scope to use their knowledge in a range of research sectors, including roles within chemical engineering, chemical and related industries, healthcare and more. Research careers are more diverse than they might first appear, as there are many different reasons to conduct research and many possible environments. You could be based in a university, combining research with teaching; in a pharmaceutical company, working on developing and trialing new drugs; or in a public-sector research center, helping to ensure national healthcare provision keeps pace with new discoveries.
While the job of a research scientist varies, most chemistry careers in research are based in laboratories, where research is conducted by teams following scientific methods and standards.
Some examples of the diverse research done by chemistry experts include discovery of new medicines and vaccines, forensic analysis for criminal cases, improving understanding of environmental issues, and development of new chemical products and materials (e.g. cosmetics, paints, plastics, food and drink).
But chemistry careers don’t begin and end in the lab; there are also many career paths for those who want to work elsewhere. Read on for a range of non-research careers in chemistry…
Chemistry careers in chemical engineering
Chemical engineers work across a number of sectors, including oil and gas, energy, water treatment, plastics, toiletries, pharmaceuticals and food and drink. Processes differ within each of these areas, but chemistry and chemical engineering roles are found throughout, and are directly involved in the design, development, creation and manufacturing process of chemical products and materials. Researchers are common within chemical engineering and are often tasked with creating and developing new chemical techniques, frequently combining other advanced and emerging scientific areas such as nanotechnology or biomedical engineering.
Chemical engineers ensure the efficiency and safety of chemical processes, adapt the chemical make-up of products to meet environmental or economic needs, scale up chemical processes for manufacturing purposes, and apply new technologies to improve existing processes. It’s worth bearing in mind that although those who study chemistry at undergraduate level are good candidates, many more engineering-related and specialized roles will be reserved for engineering graduates and postgraduates.
Chemistry careers in healthcare
Healthcare careers for chemists are once again largely based in laboratories, although increasingly there is opportunity to work at the point of care, helping with patient investigation. Often called clinical biochemistry or healthcare science, your tasks will be to in order to aid in the investigation, diagnosis and treatment of disease and illness.
Although some roles will require clinical expertise (and a medical qualification), many scientific roles in healthcare simply require scientists to liaise with clinicians in order to interpret patients’ test results, acting as support in diagnosis and assessment. While chemists are unable to advise on medical treatment, their work is vital in ensuring results are accurate, root causes are found, reports are accurately kept, and research is applied.
If you pursue healthcare careers in chemistry, you’ll likely be working as part of a team comprised of fellow chemists, biochemists, biologists, clinicians and pathologists.
Chemistry careers in pharmaceuticals
Closely related to the healthcare industry, the pharmaceutical sector is huge in its own right, offering a correspondingly large employment market. As demand for specialty and new drugs grows, pharmaceutical chemists are relied upon to design, develop, analyze, evaluate and regulate new and existing pharmaceuticals. These chemists, as well as holding technical expertise, also possess strong team, communication and management skills and understand areas such as mathematics and analytical thinking.
While synthetic pharmaceutical chemists (also known as medicinal chemists) focus on researching and developing new, cost-effective drugs for market, analytical pharmaceutical chemists focus more on the testing and chemical analysis of new drugs, ensuring each product is suitable for public consumption and in accord with governmental regulations. Toxicology is another fast-growing field for careers in chemistry, in which specialists are tasked with identifying chemical risks and damaging toxins in any chemical that is to be used for public consumption.
While a bachelor’s degree in chemistry will open many entry-level doors in this field, a master’s or even PhD in a related specialization may also stand you in good stead for particularly high-level research roles.
Chemistry careers in the public sector
As well as careers for chemists as researchers in state-led initiatives, there are a growing number of government-funded careers in chemistry within areas such as law, policy, defense, public health and the environment.
Within law and policy, forensic careers are growing, particularly as the techniques used within forensic research continue to undergo rapid development. This is not all about collecting evidence; forensic experts may also be called upon to discuss findings in court, and chemical experts are needed to run analysis on existing policies in order to ensure they’re up to date with scientific developments. While advanced careers in law are out of reach with just a chemistry degree, many entry-level roles and specialized consultancy jobs may be available to chemistry graduates with a particular interest in law and/or policy.
If you decide to pursue scientific roles in public policy, there’s a chance you’ll get to conduct research that will help shape your country’s science policy, and national health and safety regulations.
Public-sector opportunities for chemistry graduates keen to focus on environmental issues include environmental consultancy, agriculture and chemical diagnostics. These roles all focus on the chemical state of the Earth’s environment and analysis of relevant data, (e.g. meteorological data or chemical analysis of soil, water and by-products). The aims of such work will vary, for example, identifying ways to improve crop yield, or providing reports on the effects of certain chemicals on the natural environment. This knowledge can then impact on future environmental policy and regulations.
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