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There are many similarities between computer science and information technology. The two disciplines are closely related, but they are also distinct in some ways. Both deal with the collection, processing, and storage of data. However, while computer science focuses on how computers store and process information, information technology is more concerned with how that data is processed by humans.
Computer science is often referred to as the “science” of computing because it involves more theoretical research than information technology does. Information technology tends to focus more on practical applications of data processing, such as designing software for users or creating databases for businesses.
Both fields have a lot in common when it comes to hardware design: both involve creating circuit boards, writing code for those circuits, and testing them out on a computer system before releasing them into the wild (that is to say: making them available for public use).
The most significant difference between these two fields is probably their focus on different types of hardware; while computer science typically focuses on personal computers like laptops or tablets (or even phones), information technology might be used in just about any kind of device that processes data—from home appliances all the way up through military aircrafts!
Difference Between Computer Science Snd Information Systems
Similarities Between Computer Science And Information Technology
Graduates with a degree in computer science can pursue careers as computer and information research scientists, computer network architects, and computer system analysts. As the demand for new and better technologies increases, the need for highly skilled computer science professionals is also expected to increase.
Similarities Between Computer Science And Information Technology
To start a career in IT, you normally require two-to-four-year degree programs in an IT related subject. Some IT team members do start off in help desk positions with much less education and receive training through their employer, however.
Alongside the right bachelor’s degree, training, and experience, skills considered essential for IT roles include aptitude with Linux and SQL, as well as project management skills, technical support skills, and customer service skills.
As you progress through an IT career, computer science skills and programming knowledge can help you advance. As such, IT can serve as an entryway to computer science careers. Either way, IT professionals are expected to keep up to date with the latest technologies.
What does a career in information technology look like?
IT jobs are ever on the rise, with an estimated 15 to 37% increase in open job roles by 2026, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It’s one of the fastest growing occupation types of them all, with high demand leading to an average annual wage of around $86k.
The work of an IT specialist can differ greatly but, in most cases, they are there to solve business processes using technologies they have expertise in. Most often they work as part of a team and with other departments or clients. A lot of the work of an IT professional involves finding and implementing technologies with existing systems that help meet the goals of the client or employer.
There’s a lot of room for specialization in IT, too. This might include finding a niche in networks, security, Cloud computing, and more. A systems administrator or database administrator role is a common career progression for IT professionals, too.
How do I get a career in computer science?
Most computer scientists start by earning a degree with a computer science major. Most commonly, they go for four-year degrees that include placement positions in tech-driven organizations and environments. Computer scientists aiming to work in software developing are also expected to teach themselves coding consistently.
Besides the experience needed and the certifications to help prove their competency, there are skills a computer scientist is expected to show. Like those in IT professions, SQL and Linux capabilities are expected, but so are Java, systems engineer, and software engineer skills, alongside knowledge on information systems.
With those skills, computer scientists can find places in all kinds of IT professions, as well as a few exclusive options that we’ll look at next.
computer science and information technology course
What does a career in computer science look like?
Just like information technology roles, computer science roles are growing at a rate faster than most occupations. There are expected to be up to 22% more computer science jobs by 2026, with the average developer with a computer science background making around $93k.
With the right qualifications, computer scientists can find careers of all kinds, including in programming, operating systems development, software engineering and as senior IT professionals. Some of the fastest growing computer science jobs include roles such as web developer, computer systems analyst, systems engineer, and software applications developer.
Computer scientists also have skills such as deep programming knowledge and information systems analysis that allow much more opportunity to freelance. At FieldEngineer.com, you can see what kind of freelance roles can fit your specific type and level of skill. By uploading your resume, you can begin to immediately look at the most relevant matching opportunities.
Some popular computer science jobs are:
• Programmer: Programmers create codes for software programs using the “languages” mentioned above.
• Hardware Engineer: Hardware engineers are the professionals who design computers, supervise their manufacture and installation, and do new product testing.
• Software Developers, or Software Engineers: Software developers and software engineers are concerned with designing and building programs, applications, and operating systems for the computers.
• Systems Managers: A systems manager job involves planning, using, and maintaining computer-related activities and coordinating technologies so that they function smoothly together. This particular job, according to the BLS, is predicted to grow by 11 percent in the next ten years.
• Web Developer: Web developers design websites, both the appearance and the functioning. This involves using artistic design principles and creating links to related information.
• Database Administrator: The job of a database administrator centers on building a pertinent database for an organization or business, organizing and updating data, understanding and using cloud storage, and troubleshooting.
Skills Needed
People who work in computer science designing and building computers must have project management skills that include time management and the ability to see tasks through to completion. Being able to recognize and attend to small details is vital as well. Those who are employed in information technology should have some “people skills” as well. For instance, one job in information technology is a computer support technician. For that position, people must have communication and customer service skills.
Both fields require a knowledge of programming languages, though more is needed for computer science jobs.
Education Needed for Job in Computer Science and Information Technology
There are entry-level jobs in computer science and in information technology that can be obtained with a bachelor’s degree. Indeed, for some of these jobs, experience and hands-on learning are as important as the college coursework. Still, the general rule is that job applicants will need at least an undergraduate degree in either computer science or information technology.
People enrolling in these programs should be detail-oriented and have an aptitude for math because mathematics is the language of computing. They must also be adept problem-solvers with critical thinking skills.
Bachelor’s degrees in computer sciences or information technology usually include courses in data structures, algorithms, network architecture, database systems, statistics, applied probability, computer engineering, mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering in addition to school or university core courses.
There are also undergraduate certificates available in areas like cloud computing and big data.
Graduate degrees in computer science and information technology go by many names. Some of the most common are Master of Computer Science, Master of Science in Computer Science, Master of Information Technology and Computer Science, Master of Information Technology and Master of Science in Information Technology. These degrees all have the same courses in fundamentals such as applied data analytics and advanced mathematics plus specialization courses.
There are graduate certificates, as well, in things like advanced information technology and cybercrime investigation. These certificates are proof of advanced study in these areas of specialization and add to a resume.
With as rapidly as advances in modern technology take place, it is important to keep up with the latest trends and information in the fields of computer science and information technology. The following journals and blogs are popular among computer science and IT professionals:
- ScienceSoft
- IT World
- Frontiers of Computer Science
- InformationWeek
- Basvankaam
- QArea
- ACM Computing Surveys
- The Journal of Supercomputing
- Yegor’s Blog About Computers
- Absolute
- Ryan Mangan’s IT Blog
- SIAM Journal on Computing
- SmartSpate Information Technology Blog
- Information Technology Q & A Show (YouTube channel)
Annual Conferences are also a good way to stay informed. Here are some popular annual IT and computer science conferences:
- Consumer Electronics Show
- Oracle OpenWorld
- Adobe Summit
- Dublin Tech Summit
- IBM Think
- Citrix Syngergy
- International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
- Computational Complexity Conference
- International Conference on Software Engineering
Professional Certifications
In addition to certifications offered by tech schools and universities, professional certifications help to make job candidates stand out to possible employers. Though there is no national organization that licenses or certifies computer scientists or information technology specialists, there are two basic types of professional certifications. One is the vendor-specific certificate and the other is the vendor-neutral Certificate.
The vendor-specific certificate is one that is awarded by a computer tech company such as Microsoft or Cisco Systems. These certificate programs teach skills in using the products of the sponsoring company. They encourage businesses to use their products, platforms, and processes by offering the courses. The result is that some companies rely solely on one brand of products and job applicants must have expertise in those products. So, a company that uses Microsoft programs would require their employees to have or to obtain Microsoft certification in those platforms or products. Cisco Systems offers the following certifications:
- Cisco Certified Architect (CCAr)
- Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician (CCENT)
- Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)
- Cisco Certified Technician (CCT)
- Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
- Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA)
- Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP)
- Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE)
- Cisco Certified Design Expert (CCDE)
A vendor-neutral certificate is one that is offered by an organization and does not promote any one brand. That makes it possible for anyone in the computer sciences or information technology field to gain expertise without being restricted to one employer or system.
Entry-level certificates typically do not have any prerequisite courses. Those intended for experienced professionals may require the individual to have taken certain coursework or to have a minimum level of work experience. The experience threshold shouldn’t be a problem because most employers in both fields prefer a minimum of three years’ experience in applicants anyway. These certificates generally also require the candidate to pass an exam.
The certificates take from three-to-twelve months to earn. Some are self-paced and self-directed online, and some are presented in a five-day online or face-to-face program. Self-directed certificates may cost as little as $500, and the face-to-face presentations could run into the thousands of dollars.
Job Outlook and Salaries
The Bureau of Labor Statistics tends to lump computer sciences and information technology jobs together under the heading of “Computer and Information Technology Occupations.” As a whole, it predicts that employment in these types of jobs will grow by 12 percent by 2028.
Software developer jobs are projected to grow 21 percent by 2028, well above average. In 2018, the median annual salary of a developer was $105,590, with the highest-earning 10 percent making almost $167,000.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the highest-paying employer of computer scientists is software publishers. These companies are often the developers as well. They include providers of operating systems, data refining technologies, educational programming, and even gaming.
The demand for programmers is declining. These are still, however, lucrative jobs paying a median wage of $84,280. Hardware engineers or architects earn $109,020. Database administrator jobs are expected to increase by nine percent. These professionals earn a median wage of $90,070.
Web developers, who fall at the lower end of the salary scale at $69,430, have one of the highest projected growth rates. The job demand is expected to increase by 13 percent, which is much higher than the BLS average of five-to-eight percent.
Working in Information Technology
With a two- or four-year IT degree, graduates can find work in a number of occupations, including information security, network architecture, database administration, systems administration, and computer support. However, some of these jobs require advanced computer science and programming knowledge, so graduates must enroll in specialized programs or take elective courses. For example, information security requires knowledge of discrete math and algorithms, and database administration requires knowledge of programming. Also, information security analysts usually have certifications, such as CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) or CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional).
Examples of IT jobs are:
• IT Consultant: Information Technology consultants work anywhere companies rely on a digital network. To put the job simply, they research and experiment with systems to make the best and most cost-effective use of programming to meet organizational goals. Consultation is generally billed by day, by consultant. Many IT consultants work for consulting firms, but some are independent contractors.
• Cloud Architect: The “cloud” is a storage place that cannot be seen or touched. It is like a virtual closet that must be kept organized and cleaned. Cloud architects do that job. The position involves a basic knowledge of operating systems and networking, programming languages, and security.
• Computer Forensic Investigator: The intriguing title of computer forensic investigator refers to professionals who search for and retrieve specific data from computers. The analysis of that information is often used in criminal investigations.
• Computer Security Specialist: A computer security specialist is responsible for the security of a company’s data. He designs software for specific machines and monitors the computers for security breaches like cyber-attacks and viruses, malware, and unauthorized data mining.
• Health IT Specialist: Health IT specialists are the professionals in healthcare organizations like hospitals, clinics, insurance companies, and others who coordinate pertinent data concerning health records, charges and payments, referrals, and physician’s notes and other information.
In general, IT professionals need to stay abreast of new technology, and they must be very familiar with how to use operating systems and server software, including Linux, Apache, OpenSSL, Windows Server, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server. According to the BLS, IT jobs are expected to increase 15 to 37 percent over the next ten years, with salaries ranging from $48,900 to $91,000, depending on experience and level of education.
Best Locations for Computer Jobs
Considering these two areas of technology as one entity (computer-based professions), where is the best place to look for a job?
Forbes Magazine says Washington DC is the top state for computer-related jobs. It cites the number of defense contractors and government jobs as the reason. Forbes lists New York as second on the list because of the state’s population. California comes in third on the list.
New York City recently had 8,900 job listings on Indeed.com. Some of the major entries with high salaries were for educators in universities. A portion of Manhattan is nicknamed “Silicon Alley” because of the number of tech jobs based there.
Surprisingly, the list of cities with the highest pay for these jobs is different. The highest-paying state is Washington, followed by California, Colorado, Virginia, and Massachusetts. (Source: Forbes)
It is certain that these types of jobs will be more in demand as the world becomes more technology-oriented. Milestones in computer technology are being reached quickly. In 2015, CNBC speculated that by 2020 one in ten American homes would own a robot, defined for this purpose as an “ autonomous mobile electromechanical machine.” Many people today own small self-directing vacuum robots. As a matter of fact, 20 percent of all vacuums in the world are robotic, according to TechCrunch. Most large hospitals have robotic surgical instruments. Additionally, the health records of most patients are now digital. A blog at Cisco.com says that the world has finally reached a broadcast capability of a zettabyte a year. A zettabyte is an impossibly high benchmark, conceivable to mathematicians if no one else. All of these things point to a future that is increasingly data-driven.
Computer science and information technology are both very similar. They are two fields of study that deal with computers, but the differences between them can be significant.
Both fields involve working with computers and teaching people how to use them effectively. However, computer science is more focused on the actual construction of a computer, whereas information technology focuses on how to make it work for you.
Computer science is more technical than information technology, as it requires you to understand how each part of a computer works individually before being able to put them together into a finished product like an app or website. Information technology is more concerned with making sure that all parts of the system function together properly instead of focusing on each component individually, which allows them to spend less time learning about individual parts like processors or hard drives and more time understanding how those parts interact with each other in order to get their job done properly instead!
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